Automotive Industry and Porsche Production Line

Shona L. Thomas- Porsche Case Study 1. ) General Environment Factors for Porsche: A. ) Demographic segment for Porsche is Age and Income distribution. Porsche target age is group is consumers is male over the age of 40 in addition to an average income of 180k a year. That has a positive effect on this segment because they have defined their niche audience that best responds to their line of cars. B. ) Political and Legal segment directly affects the future production of Porsche vehicles with regulatory gas mileage requirements and EPA guidelines.If the 2020 CAFE plan is implemented in North America Porsche will not be able to sell cars in North America. Political issues and governmental decisions affect the development of the local economy as for example the increase of oil prices during the Iraq war and the drop of the dollar compared to other currencies, they can also have an influence on sales in the automotive industry. This is a negative effect as the VW sales group has laid a p lan to exceed GM and Toyota in sells by 2018 but with pending EPA guidelines this may create a definite challenge.C. ) Technological segment for Porsche is leading in product innovation, factory applications and knowledge. Porsche production line has the ability to manufacture two cars seamlessly at the same time without losing any production time or driving cost up. Their technology is a positive and is evident because they offer consulting services to competitive and noncompetitive automobile companies. 2. ) Porsche brand is so strong and unique that the only two forces I can thoroughly support are Threat of new entrants and bargaining power of Buyers. A. Porsche has a threat of new entrants due to automobile manufacturers such as BMW, Nissan and GM. However Porsche has product differentiation and Capital Investments. Porsche is also known for prestige, variety of Porsche emblems and its full line up. Consequently BMW, Nissan and GM have all produced one or two comparable cars. B. ) Bargaining power of Buyers is relevant because due to recent economic recessions internationally the price point of Porsches automobiles they followed suit of other competing luxury brands and released more affordable automobiles such as the Cayenne.The production of the Cayenne set record sales for Porsche. Therefore this is a high force. 3. ) The two major competitors of Porsche are BWW and Audi. BMW as designed models such the Z4 and Audi has designed models such as the R8 to compete with Porsche's Cayman and Boxter. Prices points on both models are within the same range as the aforementioned Porsche brands. These two models (BMW and Audi) both have competitive points in regards to engineering, exclusivity and service.The future actions of BMW and Audi that show evidence competitive activity is both automobile companies are creating a more modern design which is attracting more consumers, more drive power options for an economical price and puts luxury and comfort versus Porsc he sports then luxury. 4. ) The most important Value Chain areas for Porsche are: A. ) Management Information Systems- Joint venture with MHO has led to awards such as Silver Partner service and SAP Channel Partner Gold. The performance and oriented approach allows Porsche to consistently implement new design, technologies and functionalities.Porsche at purchased ownership in MHP and later purchased a controlling share which lead to new business techniques and technologies. The MIS has created sustainable competitive advantage through superior operating performances and the ability to respond with flexibility and quickly to changes in technology. They are superior to each competitor as they do not patent their technological gains but allows others to copy. B. ) Supply Chain Management: Porsche SAP technology Leipzig has created a seamless distribution in logistics. Within the same plant, the two models, Panamera and Cayenne can be built simultaneously.Each model requires a high degr ee of integration and cooperation with other Porsche plants. As parts are delivered every hour, the flows of goods are real-time. No inventories, any waiting times, but the highest degree of precision and flexibility. Even if faced with a change on short notice, production will be able to stay in synch. Porsche is the leading manufacturer in the world and is superior to all other competitors for the aforementioned reasons. C. ) Marketing and Sales: In 2011 VW group inclusive of Porsche and other brands ranked number 3 in the world trailing Toyota and GM.However in Europe the VW group leads sales amongst competitors. Porsche relates their increase in marketing and sales to the CRM processes in SAP. All systems are originated in German but the data is also shared North America as well as Canada. North America and Canada represents the biggest market for the car manufacturer almost 40 percent of all luxury cars are sold there. The second reason is that the orientation of the pilot proj ect toward a non-German market prevented a focus that can be considered too German influenced. 5. The most significant financial and nonfinancial factors for Porsche are: Return on investments. Three Porsche product lines – the 911, the Boxster, and the Cayenne has had high operating margins compared to nearly any other major automobile manufacturer. The two newer product lines, the Boxster and Cayenne, had both been launched with the capital and technology from its other lines of cars. The Porsche Boxster was manufactured by Valmet of Finland under a licensed manufacturing agreement allowed Porsche to use means of financial support.Valmet owns its own factory and tools, and builds the Boxster for Porsche. This reduces the capital Porsche needs to support its own business significantly. The Porsche Cayenne was co-manufactured with Volkswagen. The Cayenne was assembled on the same production line as the Volkswagen Touareg therefore reducing the required capital to support Pors che’s business. 6. ) The strength is that Porsche has a high brand presence and reputation across the globe. Porsche preferred consumers are wage earners in excess of 250k. Few car models are available but it has a wide range of variants.They have built a trust worthy brand that has international recognition in the domestic as well as racing industry. A weakness of Porsche is that it lacks presence in the middle income segment which is the fastest growing of all classes. The cars have very high maintenance and running cost in an extremely luxury car market. The opportunities that Porsche has it that they can capitalize on its exclusivity and increase sales. They also have a sector of the company that has first class technology that will give them a competitive edge on future generation and concept cars.In addition to increased manufacturing facilities and distribution as well as a servicing network. The threats that face Porsche are the Governmental policies in some countries especially North America. The looming recession this may decrease purchasing power and the intense competition from automobile leaders. The top three competitors are BMW, Audi and Mercedes Benz. 7. ) The major competitive advantages of Porsche using VRIN are The most valuable capital this company has is its loyal customers with their sense of Porsche responsibility. The most aluable support for this company is its work force, technology and its tradition of outstanding performance. (Parity producing because other companies can re-evaluate their customer relations and change the scope of employees to gain the loyalty and recognition that Porsche has. ) Porsche is rare because the cars have a virtually untarnished reputation and are considered among the finest performance vehicles in the world. (Temporary competitive advantage because they BMW and Audi have models that compete with Porsche vehicles. ) Porsche technology is costly to imitate.Porsche has become a leader in automobile m anufacturing and advanced technology that has led to winning Performance awards. Therefore allowing Porsche to consistently implement new design, technologies and functionalities. (Sustainable competitive advantage because Porsche provides consulting to automobile manufacturers and have not patent protected their technological advances; therefore companies rely on them for the most up to date technology) Porsche is nonsubstitutable because lineup is quite broad for a specialty automaker and now even includes a luxury super sport sedan, the Panamera.Throughout its history, Porsche has exhibited amazing resilience, weathering changes in consumer tastes and the economic climate. (Competitive Advantage is the brand name. ) 8. ) Porsche uses Corporate Strategy. The overall scope and direction is to diversify business operations, further advance technology and work together to achieve particular goals. As part of its corporate strategy for 2018, Porsche wants to double its vehicle sales a nd increase its presence in the individual markets. This growth strategy is to increase the workforce by 50 % from its present level of 14,000 worldwide.Porsche is creating wide-ranging electric mobility vehicles in Germany and has launched the roll-out of three electric-powered Boxter cars. Electro mobility is one of the central challenges of the coming years. The engineers at Porsche want to contribute something in their usual high-performance way to meet the challenge. 9. ) 7s Implementation factors that are the most important is: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategy: plan to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition (BMW and Audi) 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Structure: how people and tasks are rganized (Consulting and Automobile division) 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Systems: processes and procedures that are currently in place (Manufacturing plants) 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Style: leadership style (Brand imaging) 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff: employees and their gener al capabilities (ongoing training) 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skills: competencies and skills of the employees (ongoing training) 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shared Values: culture, beliefs, values and traditions (Mission statement) 10. ) Two questions:Do you think Porsche will meet the CAFE requirements for 2018 or will they actually stop selling cars in North America? How will that affect the American Porsche consumer? Cadillac has now developed and launched a car that has a Ferrari engine how will that compare or will it compete with the Porsche Panamera? How will new entrants such as American based cars that is adding technology comparable to Porsche affect future market opportunity and ,undecided target consumers?

Sustainable Packaging Will Require More Analysis Environmental Sciences Essay

The European Commission negotiations about how sustainable packaging will necessitate more analysis and certification to look at the existent bundle design, the stuffs that are used and the whole image of the packaging ‘s life rhythm. ( Environmental Marketing Claims, 2011 ) Bolyston ( 2009 ) has a different position and he belives that sustainable packaging dependent on the sum of sustainable energy used in each phase of the packaging ‘s life rhythm. The term ‘life rhythm ‘ means the merchandise goes through a series of phases that mold and develop the merchandise. The life rhythm would see all of the factors from the natural stuffs to how its manufactured, taking onto how its distributed which eventually guides it to the usage and disposal of it. Throughout all of these phases there would be assorted conveyance methods used to travel the merchandise onto its following phase. To sum up all of these stairss and phases is called the life rhythm of the merchandi se. It is indispensable to look at the life rhythm of packaging in order to determine countries and chances in which the packaging ‘s sustainability can be improved. Figure 8 is a diagram of the packaging ‘s life rhythm from The Sustainable Packaging Coalition ; this diagram aims to supply guidelines and rules for the development of sustainable packaging. The Sustainable Packaging Coalition claim that they have set themselves the mission to recommend and pass on a positive robust environmental option for sustainable packaging through functional packaging stuffs and systems that endorse economic and environmental supply ironss. The Sustainable Packaging Coalition characterizes sustainable packaging as follows: Is sourced, manufactured, transported, and recycled utilizing renewable energy Is physically designed to optimise stuffs and energy Meets market standards for public presentation and cost Maximizes the usage of renewable or recycled beginning stuffs Is good, safe and healthy for persons and communities throughout its life rhythm Is efficaciously recovered and utilized in biological and or industrial closed cringle rhythms Is made from stuffs healthy in all likely terminal of life scenarios Are manufactured utilizing clean production engineerings and best patterns. ( Sustainable Packaging Coalition, 2010 ) Figure 8. Diagram of boxing merchandise life rhythms The diagram above shows the procedure and stairss involved for packaging. It starts at the natural stuffs and goes to the terminal user. Each measure in this rhythm requires a signifier of energy but harmonizing to Boylston there are ways to cut this and cut down the sums used. Sustainability relies on tonss of different factors involved at each of these phases ; these factors need to be identified in order to turn to them with the right steps. For illustration if we look at stewardship, this is critical for assisting to safeguard the environment and protecting the employees that are pull outing the stuffs. The less distance the stuffs can go in the life rhythm the better, because this will intend it has taken less gasoline on transit. If we look at another facet of utilizing renewable energy at each phase this will add to do the packaging more sustainable. Reusability and recycling systems or compostability of packaging can to boot heighten sustainability. ( Boylston, 2009 ) Figure 9. Diagram of packaging ‘s upstream and downstream impacts. If we take a expression at the packaging merchandise life rhythm in a additive position we can to boot separate between upstream impacts from the extraction of the natural stuffs until the packaging is passed across to the consumer which is the downstream impacts, these are considered to be the impacts that occur through utilizing the packaging and the stairss taking to the terminal of its life. An illustration of this is the sums of energy required for the recycling procedure at the terminal of the packaging ‘s life. The different recycling methods used are composting, littering, and other possibilities are waste-to-energy workss which means energy can be produced once more from the waste merchandise. A life rhythm appraisal is normally used as a tool to analyze the life rhythm of packaging. The purpose of a life rhythm appraisal is to compare the full scope of societal and environmental amendss, which can be identified to merchandises or services, so least troublesome one, can be selected. There are tonss of different types of life rhythm appraisals know with different Scopess. The range varies from cradle to gate to cradle to cradle attacks and furthermore there are types such as the LCA procedure that addresses the environmental inputs and end products compared to other attacks that address the economic inputs and end products. Now that I have described the packaging life rhythm, we furthermore need to advert that companies such as 3M or Wal-Mart are presently developing their ain definition or usher lines that drive sustainable packaging within their supply concatenation. Wal-Mart claims, its primary mark is to be boxing impersonal by 2025, this means that all packaging recovered or recycled at their shops will be equal to the sum of packaging used by the merchandises in the shelves. Wal-Mart has introduced a set of steering rules called the â€Å" Seven R ‘s † to assist them accomplish their mark. These Principles are: Remove, Reduce, Reuse, Renew ( able ) , Recycle ( able ) , Revenue and Read. Relative to this Wal-Mart have introduced a packaging scorecard, this is a measurement tool that â€Å" allows providers to measure themselves comparative to other providers, based on specific prosodies. The prosodies in the scorecard evolved from a list of favourable properties announced earlier this twelvemonth, known as the â€Å" 7 R ‘s of Packaging † . ( Wal-Mart, Scorecardmodeling.com, 2009 ) 3M utilizations Boxing standards in coaction with the Environmental Protection Agency, this is much the same as Wal-Mart. 3M have set minimising packaging waste as there top purpose and they are have now realised that the most waste is coming from fresh natural stuffs, this is non merely bad for the environment but is non really economical. 3M began by trying to extinguish as much waste as possible through pollution bar, and so the staying waste was reused, recycled, converted to energy, or incinerated to make new energy. Regardless of the packaging life rhythm appraisal, there are related analytical methodological analysiss such as ecological footmark, which is calculated by comparing the biological resources available in a given part to resource demands of a population. The web of users of the Global Footprint Network has developed criterions. The criterions are available on footprintnetwork.org in order to assist to turn to computation niceties, including transitions, step of land/sea packages, turn toing atomic power, changing informations beginnings, import/export informations and biodiversity among others. ( Global Footprint Network, 2012 ) Another well-known footmark is the C footmark, which represents a subset of the ecological footmark and of the more comprehensive life rhythm appraisal.Laws and Regulations that consequence packaging?Regulations are at that place to give companies a mark or a way to head towards. There is directing 94/62/EC set by European Commission Environment that is †Å" aimed to harmonise packaging waste, on the one manus seeking to halt or forestall the harm of packaging to the environment and on the other manus they do n't desire to curtail or falsify the competition within the community. It besides contains commissariats on the bar of packaging waste, on the re-use of packaging and on the recovery and recycling of packaging waste. † ( European Parliament and Council Directive, 2010 ) These ordinances or directives have focused on waste decrease and resources but they have failed to look at the societal impacts of packaging. Boylston points out that we have a bigger job to get the better of before we more towards more sustainable packaging and that is with today ‘s companies turning in size there is an disposition towards specialising, this merely breaks up the different sections and isolates them. So the different section terminal up really incoherent with each other so they lose the connectivity between all the sectors. An illustration of this would be the packaging interior decorator working following to the in writing interior decorator, this is so they can pass on and work as a squad.MaterialsSustainable packaging relies upon the right stuff picks. I will be carry oning an probe to look at the measures of packaging waste along with the assortment of stuffs that end up as waste. In add-on to this I will spread out and make further research on paper and plastics. Looking at the solid waste study from 2010 from the European Environmental Agency it is clear to me that out of 250 million dozenss of waste 30 % is from containers and packagings and this is before recycling. The 2nd pie chart indicates that paper and plastics biggest supplies to waste. Figure 10 Figure 11 The recycling and composting of packaging prevented 85.1 million dozenss of stuff off from being disposed of 2010, up from 15 million dozenss in 1980. This prevented the release of about 186 million metric dozenss of C dioxide equivalent into the air this is the equivalent to taking 36 million autos off the route for a whole twelvemonth! ( European Environmental Agency, 2013 )PaperThe ingestion of paper on a planetary graduated table is more than 350 million dozenss per twelvemonth, that is a monolithic 1 million dozenss per twenty-four hours and if it takes approximately 17 trees to do one ton of paper. So its non unpredictable that the paper industry are accountable for approximately 40 % of commercial harvest home of wood, and now seeking to terrorise the last few rain forests which contain and provide a home ground for the endangered species. Jedlicka provinces, â€Å" The paper industry is the 4th largest nursery gas subscriber among makers and a immense consumer of energy. Fur thermore the paper production is associated with toxic bleaching processs. † ( Jedlicka, 2009 ) The benefits far outrun the bad points of paper. Paper is a really various stuff ; this is why it is used for packaging. The added benefits for utilizing paper as packaging is its lightweight and easy printed on and yet it can make all this and still be lasting and are easy recycled. There are more options for what paper can be made from it does n't hold to be wood it can be made of hemp, kenaf straw, exchange grass and it can be made from a assortment or pulped fibres from workss. As bloylston describes about the monolithic measures of paper that out at that place in the universe, all of which require a high degree of post-consumer waste ( PWC ) paper stock picks should imply the biggest precedence. Paper can be recycled up to seven times. ( Bolyston, 2009 ) One metric ton of recycled paper will salvage 17 trees, seven thousand gallons of H2O, three three-dimensional meters of landfill infinite, two barrels of oil and four thousand one hundred kW of electricity. The recycled paper uses 60 per centum less energy to bring forth so ordinary paper ; the energy saved would be plenty to run the mean place for six months. ( Statistics from Recycle bank.com, 2013 ) In order for there to be more paper packaging, the interior decorators have to back up this. The Environmental Protection Agency has made some recommendations which will assist to do packaging more sustainable, these recommendations are to utilize less material, extinguishing toxic components and doing it more readily reclaimable ( Environmental Protection Agency, 2013 )PlasticFictile packaging plays a immense function in today society, you can see this when walking about supermarkets and the egos are full of fictile containers. The word plastic is the common name given to the man-made organic polymers. As defined plastics are normally made from high polymer mass ‘ they can incorporate other stuffs to do it cheaper or to better its public presentation. There are two chief types of plastic, thermosetting and thermoplastics. Thermosetting plastics can merely be heated up and shaped one time ; because once they go cold they stay solid. Unlike Thermoplastics, which soften and melt when around plenty heat, these can be shaped multiple times when heat is applied. Jedlika says that plastics have many benefits such as it is lightweight, lasting, provides a gas and wet barrier and can sometimes retain its recycling value. ( Jedlika, 2009 ) The ground plastics are so popular is because it ‘s various and easy to fabricate with it is besides is unaffected by H2O. A down side to plastic is the additives used can do the plastic toxic and stuffs flow is for downcycling alternatively of true recycling. The recycling rate of plastic has stabilized at around 25 % , but this is n't an equal sum compared to the sum that is freshly produced. One ton of recycled plastic will salvage about five 1000s seven hundred and 70 four Kilowatt-hours of energy, six hundred and eighty five gallons of oil and about 30 lbs of air pollutants. ( Statistics from Recycling Bank, 2013 ) There is a new alternate to petrol-based plastics, which is more environmentally friendly plastic called bioplastics. These plastics are biodegradable and are created from renewable beginnings such as murphies or Beta vulgariss and maize. Boylston argues, â€Å" however, bioplastics besides need the installations for aggregation and must non deduce from needed nutrient beginnings † ( Boylston, 2009 ) There is a immense measure of stuffs that could be used for packaging. There is so much information about new packaging stuffs and the different engineerings available that there are dedicated web sites and forums full of up to day of the month information and ordinances. To wrap up this subdivision I have come to the decision that sustainable packaging is non merely about the stuffs its made from but you have to look at the bigger image merely as Jedlika states â€Å" If a interior decorator merely picks a random stuff out of his or her list of â€Å" charming green stuffs † and does n't really cognize why the stuff is environmentally friendly, or even how it is applied right, so the replaced stuff can do impacts far worse. † ( Jedlika, 2009 )Case surveies and Primary researchI have selected to make my instance surveies on these companies because they show how different sized sectors either contribute or counteract sustainable packaging. The purpose of this subdivision is non to compare to find a 100 % sustainable packaging but to look how their concern delivers profitable value, the environmental betterments and client satisfaction. First, Waitrose supermarkets are a nutrient retail merchant in England ; they have been portion of The John Lewis Partnership since 1937, the first Waitrose supermarket opened in 1955. Waitrose is one of England ‘s taking supermarket retail merchants using over 37,000 people. Waitrose has a sum of 280 subdivisions throughout England, Scotland and Wales. Locations range from high streets to the border of towns ; the shops vary in size excessively. The company is dedicated to offering quality, value and client service. In footings of packaging Waitrose has aimed to cut down nutrient packaging by 50 per centum by 2016/17, based on like for like use since 2005. ( John Lewis partnership.co.uk, 2012 ) Second, Innocent is a drinks company based in England and was founded in 1999. The companies chief concern is from doing fruit smoothies, a choice of fruit juices and vegetable pots, all of these merchandises are all sold in a broad scope of supermarkets and teashops nationally. Sing the company started at a music festival, they have grown well over the old ages and are now spread outing into the European market. They have set their marks high when seeking to be sustainable ; they have achieved this by inculcating sustainability into the packaging from the beginning. The company besides likes to move ethically in all countries of the company. ( Innocent drinks, 2012 ) Decision Within the statement of this thesis I have tried to bring forth an evenhanded discourse on the deductions of sustainable packaging with both positive and negative positions. The research has indicated that there is adequate grounds for sustainable packaging to be used in companies furthermore it will besides profit the environment and society. The research inquiry I set out to reply was is sustainable boxing feasible given the current economic and political clime.

Accounting System and Information Assurance

The following study evaluates the systems documentation as well as the risk analysis process of the business enterprise. The study states the context and level DFD as well as the process map in attaining organizational goals and as well as the objectives. There are many risks, which can pose a threat to the business sustainability of the enterprise. JK retail is a family owned business enterprise and keeps one cashier to record the financial transactions in the business enterprise. Thus, there can be several issues, which shall have an impact on the financial sustainability of a business entity. According to Dowling (2014), there can be several complexities in the retail business, which needs to be handled in an appropriate manner. Thus, there can be discrepancies in the recording of funds for the business entity. In addition, keeping a finance executive for the business enterprise shall result in greater pressure on a single individual. Kim and Solomon (2013) stated that the systems documentation as well as the risk analysis of the organization is an important part of the operational strategies of the organization. The following study states the context and the level DFD as well as the risk analysis procedure in the business organization. Besides this, the process map in the business organizations shall state the consumer payment procedures in the business entity. Thus, the payment procedures in the business organization shall have to be stated, to assist consumers for the payment of taxes in the business organization. 1. The context and level DFD in the business organization shall reflect the operational as well as the marketing policies implemented in the business organization. The context and level DFD in the business organization shall consist of the three stages of the business entity and that shall consist of the Process order, Cyber back as well as shipping and the execution of goods. Alewine and Stone (2013) state that these three stages in the context and   level DFD in the business organization shall ensure smoother business functionalities.   The cyber check in the business organization shall consist of the verification of the credit card in the business organization and the credit card company in the business entity. According to Griffin and Wright (2015), the customer in the business organization shall have   an influence   on the operational strategies of the company. Therefore, Kissel (2013) customer views and behavior in the workplace would have an impact on the marketing and the operational process of the business entity. The process order in the business organization takes the necessary customer order and offers the acknowledgement to the customers. This is the initial stage of the customer decision process in the organization. Therefore, it is necessary for the business entity to determine the necessary business policies of the organization. The cyber check is the next process in the operational processes of the business entity. Hardy (2014) mentioned that the shipping process in the business entity would help in discharging the goods to the consumers. In this regard, it can be stated that the shipping process shall also refer to the developing sales vouchers for the business entity to facilitate the sales of the goods of the business entity. In this regard, it can be stated that these three stages are interlinked and have an influence on the total sales and the consumer buying process in the business organization. Therefore, these steps shall help the business entity in the development of pertinent business strategies for the business enterprise. Zhou, Hou and Zong (2016) stated that the management of the business entity has to consider the factors like the external market environment like the economic factors of the country as well as the changes in the market trends. Therefore, the context level DFD in the business organization shall help the management of the business organization to determine the business policies of the organization. 2.The business process mapping involved in the operation shall assist   the business enterprise   in the development of organizational goals as well as the   objectives. Following is the process flow chart implemented in the   business organization Here, it can be stated that the accounts payable department shall receive the payment of good from the suppliers. As such, the invoice payment shall have to be reviewed for compliance. In other words, it shall have to be evaluated that the invoice meets the requirements of the sales processes in the business organization. If the goods do not match with the invoice requirements, it shall be returned to the suppliers. The invoice requirements are duly met, the invoice placed on hold and as well as the debt shall be notified of the necessary action taken by the business enterprise. After this, the sales revenue shall be placed in the payment Queue and the payment system shall be processed in the business organization. The payment processes is the last stage and can be done manually or through the internet. 1. There are certain risks present in the existing cash payment opportunities in the business entity. The cashier primarily maintains a manual process so as to aid the business enterprise in the development of organizational strategies in the business entity. There is a scope of discrepancy and embezzlement of the funds. Besides this, the recording of the cash transactions is a complicated procedure and thereby, have an adverse impact on the financial sustainability of the business entity. Hall (2012) have stated that the manual procedure of the business enterprise should have an adverse effect on the manual processes of the business enterprise. This would require a considerable time and effort on the part of the employees in the business organization. In this regard, it can be stated that the cashiering process is lengthy as well as time consuming and would slow down the business operational policies of the business entity. Since the cashier needs to match the amount with those of the cashier as well as the manufacturing processes of business enterprise. It can be stated that the amount matches with the amount stated in the sales order. Therefore it is necessary for the business entity to determine the accurate balance stated in the sales receipt order.This shall assist the cashier in executing its duties in an effective manner   In certain circumstance, an error from the sales receipt order of the business entity shall lead to financial irregularities in the sales process of the business entity. As such, the total payment procedure is dependent on the sales personnel of the business entity. It can be mentioned that the recording of the cash transactions of the business entity is a detailed procedure, which possess a considerable risk to the financial sustainability of the entity. Sundem et al. (2014) stated that the business entity offers the following two receipt books as stated below - this relates to one for cash as well as one the other for the credit card receipts. As such, these two receipts shall help the business entity in recording the financial situation of the business entity. JK retail is a family owned business entity and possess a healthy cash flow. However, there is only a single cashier who receives the payment of cash and issues cash receipts for the organization. As such, the financial processes are dependent on the recording of cash transactions for the business entity. This also can lead to issues for the business enterprise and have an impact on the operational processes for the business enterprise. Moghadam et al. (2013) mentioned that the cash transactions of the business entity should have to be paid with the payment of cash for the business entity. The payment of taxes is another important issue that has shall be paid on the payment of taxes of the organization. In this regard, it can be said that the payment of taxes is one of the mandatory process in the organization. As such, it is necessary that the business entity shall have an impact on the management of the business entity. The incorrect assessment of the financial condition of the business activity shall lead the business entity in attaining   growth and sustainability in the   market. Thus, the role of the cashier shall depend on the job functionalities of business entity. As such, the sales personnel have to correctly assess the financial condition of the business entity to enable the business enterprise for the development of authentic financial strategies of the business entity. The risk assessment of the job role of cashier shall have an influence on the marketing and the operational policies   of the business entity.   2. The cash recording procedures of the business entity shall have an impact on the business enterprise shall facilitate financial sustainability and growth in the domestic and International market. Domeika (2015) mentioned that the cash recording procedures of the business entity should have an impact on operational, financial as well as the marketing procedures of the business enterprise. Being individual personnel, the cashier of the organization has to examine the sales vouchers adequately to negate any discrepancies in the management of the organization. Thus, this shall have a difficult task for the cashier in the business organization. Besides this, Shul'ga (2014) stated that the return of goods by the customers should require additional time and effort as well as pertinent financial strategies from the business entity. Therefore, it is necessary that the goods have to be unaccounted in developing actual financial strategies that reflects the financial condition of the business entity. There are additional measures that has to be taken by the business entity in the consist of bad debt as well as the provision of bad debts in the organization. Therefore, the cashier of the business organization has to take pertinent measures have taken care of such expenses in the business organization to promote organizational growth in the domestic and international market. It can be stated that JK Retail shall have many pertinent issues in the existing cashiering position. This includes heavy workload as well as the complexities in the financial transactions of the business enterprise. The management of JK Retail has to respond appropriately for the business enterprise so that the cashier gests the necessary guidelines and help for the development of   marketing as well as   the operational strategies of the business entity. Besides this,, such a situation can lead to the incorrect assessment of the financial situation of the business enterprise. Apart from these factors, it can lead to financial discrepancies in the books of accounts for the business enterprise. JK retail is a family owned business entity, has achieved considerable sales revenue, and consists of a healthy cash flow in the existing year. The systems documentation shall have many stages in cash payment procedure of the business organization. As such, E-commerce, Cyber check as well as shipping or the execution of the order of the goods would have an influence on the financial sustainability of the business entity. The proper verification of the vouchers in the organization is one of the primary responsibilities of the cashier in the business organization. Thus, the sales personnel as well as the cashiers in the business organization shall develop an important role in assisting the management of the organization in aiding the customers in the store for the payment of bills in the organization. Alewine, H.C. and Stone, D.N., 2013. How does environmental accounting information influence attention and investment?.  International Journal of Accounting & Information Management,  21(1), pp.22-52. Domeika, P., 2015. Creation of the Information System of Enterprise Fixed Asset Accounting.  Engineering Economics,  60(5). Dowling, C., 2014. A Big 4 firm's use of information technology to control the audit process: How an audit support system is changing auditor behavior.Contemporary Accounting Research,  31(1), pp.230-252. Griffin, P.A. and Wright, A.M., 2015. Commentaries on Big Data's importance for accounting and auditing.  Accounting Horizons,  29(2), pp.377-379. Hall, J.A., 2012.  Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Hardy, C.A., 2014. The messy matters of continuous assurance: Findings from exploratory research in Australia.  Journal of Information Systems,28(2), pp.357-377. Kim, D. and Solomon, M.G., 2013.  Fundamentals of information systems security. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Kissel, R., 2013. Glossary of key information security terms.  NIST Interagency Reports NIST IR,  7298(3). Moghadam, H.M., Akhavansaffar, M., Bakhshaei, Z. and MirHosseini, S.Y., 2013. Effect of investment in information technology system on providing desired services of accounting information system.  Elixir International Journal A,  55, pp.13268-13273. Shul'ga, S.V., 2014. Information disclosure in financial statements: evolution of national systems and integration determinants.  Journal International accounting,  38, p.332. Sundem, G., Bradbury, M., Spicer, B. and Wells, M., 2014. The Search for a Better Accounting System: The Overlooked Concern.  Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.465. Zhou, Y., Hou, S.J. and Zong, K., 2016. Ecological Accounting: Current Situation, Problems and Thinking This work is supported by the National Social Science Fund Project â€Å"Regional Ecological Economic Benefit Evaluation Method Based on Multi-statistical analysis combining space†(13BJY026) and the Ministry of Education humanities and Social Sciences project,â€Å"Ecoefficiency evaluation of coal mining areas†(14YJCZH236).

MANAGING FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND DECISIONS Essay - 1

MANAGING FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND DECISIONS - Essay Example ems the most secured form of raising enough money to start the business, but in case the price of the assets suddenly drops, it may be practically impossible to get enough capital for the organization. Banks, on the other hand, expects that some strict requirements are fulfilled before they could award any loans (Mentre 1984). It is not always possible to secure a loan from banks because the requirements are often many. Therefore, it is better to rely on the sale of assets to raise the needed capital for the commencement of the organization. The assets that would be sold to obtain this capital include a block of flat and a six-month-old salon car. The organization has a limited number of daily operations being a trading one and small-scale in nature. The major activities involve purchasing, stockpiling and distributing orders to customers. The organization is not involved in price control and does not engage in market manipulation as would a big trading company. Therefore, choosing to finance the organization using the capital raised through the sale of personal assets appears to be safe and would not threaten business continuity (Doughty 2000). The fact is that whenever banks refuse to grant loan applications, the business activities at the organization would be slow down. No entrepreneur that is profit-oriented would want his/her business enter a phase of financial dryness: a critical condition when it would be seriously difficult to obtain the necessary funds to keep operating. Relying on the capital raised from personal assets would solve this unique problem. Task 4 (The Cost of Finance): The cost of finance for the sales of my asset is, in principle, the total expenses made in the course of selling them. Below is the exact cost of finance that came up during the selling processes: The cost of finance shown above is moderate compared with the cost I would have paid to obtain similar amount of loan from a bank or other financial institutions. Even though the

SIMULATION GAME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

SIMULATION GAME - Essay Example In addition, the report would outline and provide a brief overview of the industry, particularly the shoe manufacturing industry, within which the company operates. The strategic direction provided for the same would discuss whether the strategic direction matched the outcomes. Finally, the report will outline on the strategic principles, based upon which the company operates and key learning points in the study. To assess the competitive strategy of Black Bottoms in the years 10-15, there is a requirement to analyze the ‘Competitive Intelligence Reports’ (CIR), which will provide a comprehensive understanding of the company’s market scenario. The diagram provided below illustrates that the price, S/Q Rating, Models Offered, Free Shipping, Advertising, Celebrity Appeal, Online Orders, Pairs Sold and Market Share for Black Bottoms. The diagram above clearly displays the scenario of all the three segments for the year 2015 in the North American footwear market. Furthermore, the company has been unable to create a global differentiation strategy, as provided statistics reveals that the company’s S/Q rating, celebrity endorsement and additional services such as free home delivery were falling behind its competitors. Hence, there is no such evidence on how the company has used a single strategy to gain a competitive advantage. The data available from other nations reveal a similar result, wherein, the company has not used any specific competitive strategy. Hence, it can be said that the company does not acquire any consistent competitive strategy. As it can be seen that the company has been redesigning its price structure and differentiating factors, it can be said that Bell Bottoms prefers to reinvent the strategies every year in order to pursue the upcoming opportunities in relation to the market forecast s. Hence, it can be said that the company tries to gain its competitive advantage by updating its

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care Dissertation

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care - Dissertation Example Chronic non cancer pain in primary care and use of opioids (Nicholson & Pasik, 2007).  In the USA estimates suggest that 50 million people suffer from chronic non cancer pain, with 41% dissatisfied with the outcomes of their pain treatment. The frequent site at which these patients seek health care is from primary care. In the primary care environment prevalence of chronic non cancer pain ranges from 5% to 33% (Nicholson & Pasik, 2007).3) Extent of opioid misuse in primary care and causes (Von Korff et al, 2011).   True estimates of the extent to which prescription opioids are misused among primary care patients are not available, but the limited evidence from surveys conducted suggest that the prevalence of prescription opioid misuse in primary care could range from 4% to 26% (Von Korff et al, 2011)4) Primary care givers need to have adequate knowledge on preventing opioid misuse Salloum, 2010).   Though the true prevalence of prescription opioid misuse remains elusive the ind ications of high abuse of prescription opioids raises the relevance of prevention practices at the point of misuse (Ruiz & Strain, 2010).B.  Establish a working definition of prescription opioid abuse and identification of the characteristics of prescription opioid abuse    1)   According to Friedman et al p, 454, NUPM in a wide perspective may be taken to mean â€Å"the use of a scheduled prescription medication without the prescribing clinician’s knowledge† (Friedman et al, 2009).2) Characteristics of abuse of prescription narcotics (Liebschutz et al, 2010)... ry care patients diagnosed with chronic pain and prescribed opioids shows that the characteristics for PDUD in such patients include cigarette smoking, high severity of pain, personal and family history of substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, and experience of a jail sentence (Liebschutz et al, 2010). 3) Caregiver knowledge and attitudes in the prescribing of narcotics for non cancer chronic pain (Srivatsava, 2007). Evidence coming from surveys conducted on care givers points to knowledge deficits in care givers and attitudinal issues acting as barriers to efficient management of pain. Quite often fear of addiction and misuse of prescribed narcotics is the basis of unsatisfactory management of pain (Srivatsava, 2007). 4) Patient perspective on prescribing of narcotics for non cancer chronic pain (Srivatsava, 2007). From the perspective of patients it is the care providers in the form of medical and nursing professionals that are knowledgeable on issues pertaining to emplo ying narcotics in the treatment of pain, and they expect that these professionals provide them with the appropriate information on narcotics in the treatment of non cancer chronic pain, to make it a useful part in their treatment (Srivatsava, 2007). II Theoretical Considerations (Not done as no guidelines received and not mandatory for the annotated outline) III Review of Literature A literature review matrix has been generated for effectively developing the literature review. 15 peer reviewed primary research articles relevant to the topic of the dissertation were selected. The inclusion criterion was that these articles were published on or later than 2006. The rationale behind such an inclusion criteria was to make the literature deliver the currently relevant body of knowledge on the

Study Design and Data Collection Strategies Research Paper

Study Design and Data Collection Strategies - Research Paper Example The software and hardware will be used to amalgamate the data that will be drawn from land cover maps, and topographic contour maps. It is assumed that, the database will be effective for integrating data generated internally, and which includes plans for habitat restoration and locations of the habitats. DATA REQUIREMENTS Description Enough of the required data is needed for the development of accurate and comprehensive database of a conservatory. The software to be used will be appropriate for reading topographic contour maps. They will be developed in a way that will make distinguishing of the contour lines easier. This will facilitate connection and determination of points with equal elevation within the required region in the conservatory. By so doing, the management of the conservatory will manage to follow the movement of the endangered species along the contours and, therefore, come up with strategies of protecting them. The software will be remarkably effective in developing the database to be used in recording and handling of the wildlife capacity like for example, bird flocks. The wardens will find it easy to follow and locate the habitats making the management of the threatened species unproblematic. Source: Ronca, (2011) Land cover maps will also be developed after the establishment of the database. Land cover maps are used in an array of spatial resolutions and data formats which suit the users appropriately. They allow for the use of detailed data which can be provided as vector products of at least 0.5 Hectare Map units. Source: Land cover map, 2012 The database with the help of software and hardware will provide data from an approximated distance of one kilometer radius within the conservatory. For geo referencing, LCM 2007, LCM 2000 AND LCM 1990 are used in digital land cover maps. Sources of data The data required for running the database will be received digitally from the satellites located in different areas within the conservatory. The si gnals will be received in the station, and then the information will be converted into data that can be used in the database. The satellites will scan the conservatory and then relay images and pictures to the station to facilitate in the management. This will be achieved through the use of NASA Tera satellites which provide refined global pictures to give a clear view of the land patterns and distribution of ecosystems. They help in providing the best quality land cover maps which enables the policy makers and scientists in charge of natural resources do researches well and monitor objects effectively (Przyborski, 2011). NASA Tera satellites provide more detailed and clear pictures of a place based on digital database of images. They also use MODIS sensor’s vintage, which facilitates collection, of high quality data and also merging of multiple looks into a single image. The MODIS land cover maps have different cover types which includes natural vegetations like wetlands, sa vannas, evergreen forests and deciduous. The cost of NASA Tera satellites is estimated to be $ 424,000. It will be extremely effective in monitoring the movement of the endangered within the conservatory. The satellites provide refined pictures and, therefore, the personnel in charge of the ecosystem will monitor the wildlife successfully (Przyborski, 2011). Data acquisition Ensuring that the required peripheral or hardware is available will

Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Accounting - Research Paper Example Computer systems have translated all the hand-written statements into systems that can present financial reports from individual transactions. Popular accounting systems are now also available in tailor made form for various companies and industries. This permits organizations to build individual reports easily and quickly manage decision-making. Another change effected by IT on accounting has been the improvement of functionality in accounting departments via increasing accounting information timeliness (Gelinas et al 58). Through improvement of financial information timeliness, accountants are able to prepare for operation and report analysis that can give the management an accurate vision of the current operations. It has also improved the number of financial statements, for example, market share reports, departmental profit and loss, and cash flow statements. Finally, it has allowed accountants to process large financial information data and faster processing of this data (Gelinas et al 58). This has lessened the amount of time required to close each accounting period. Shortening the time helps the organizations in cost control, which, in turn, increases the overall efficiency of the company. Cloud computing and mobile devices are going to be the most important components of Information Technology in the coming decade (Office of Technology Assessment 270). Mobile devices such as ultra-books, tablets, and cell phones, as well as cloud computing, will aid in the further integration of technology into all aspects of accounting on a regular basis. This is referred to as pervasive computing (Office of Technology Assessment 270). With this pervasive computing, accountants will utilize mobile devices in order to access applications that are cloud based, data and communications. The connectivity will aid accountants to work more efficiently and exchange information more

Persuasive speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive speech - Essay Example This is indeed true because beauty within any person is difficult to judge since it is hidden deep down inside. On the same token, I believe that beauty could be judged by this person’s actions, behaviors and talks. He or she could be written off as an ugly person if he or she does not know how to talk to people, how to interact with them and how to be considerate towards their issues. Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to suggest that beauty must not be looked inside people with an exterior eye alone. It needs to be based on past events, present understanding of matters and how things would shape up within the future. Beauty comprises of all these tangents to be called as beauty in essence. I would like to end my speech by making a point here. Beauty of face and body could vanish with the changing times but it is the inner charisma known as innate value system of which beauty is just a single part that never leaves an individual alone. Beauty is indeed more than skin deep. I would like to thank each one of you present in this august

Deaf culture. This paper contains answers for two questions about Deaf Essay

Deaf culture. This paper contains answers for two questions about Deaf Again Book - Essay Example Even though he faced all of these problems and difficulties, he was not able to stand up for himself. The reason for that was the unfavorable attitude of his grandparents, hearing relatives, and medical professionals toward his deafness, which in turn contributed to solidification of deafness as a bad thing in his consciousness. Thus he failed to defend himself. Moreover, the other reason for this was that he never thought that he was treated unfairly just because he was deaf. Therefore, he believed if he wasn’t able to grasp what was going on in the Hebrew School, this should have been his fault. 2- Mark confronted several important issues during this part of his life. Pick one issue you find distributing and/or thought provoking then explain in several sentences how this particular one affected you. From my standpoint, the educational options for deaf children were the most important issue that might negatively affected the lives of deaf individuals. In chapter five, the author described his experience of attending the Germantow Friends School, which was a huge school with about nine hundred students. Furthermore, he indicated to the deep pain when he felt isolated among hearing students; he wasn’t even able to understand conversations around him. He also pointed out on the frustrating experience and how difficult it was for him to make a friendship with hearing students and read or grasp others’ lips. He explained the feeling of loneliness because he could not communicate easily with his classmates and teachers. In addition, he described his disappointment when his teacher asked him to wear his hearing aids and sit in the front. Actually all these feelings of pain, frustration, and isolation strongly affected me. Especially when the author described his impressio n about the time he spent at the Germantow Friends School†I was often like a fish out of water.† (Drolsbaugh, 1997, p.43). This quotation makes me feel his fear of being powerlessness,

Grate Expectations Essay Example for Free

Grate Expectations Essay Dickens creates an atmosphere setting in order to engage the interest of the reader at the beginning of the novel. Dickens used to serialise his novels. The story opens in an impressive way when he introduces us to pip in the graveyard because most of his familys bodies are burred there. This makes the reader feel scared, frightened and we start to emphasise with pip at the beginning of the novel because we now feel sorry for him because his parents are dead. Owing to this parents death he lives with his older sister Ms Joe Gargery and his brother in law Joe Gargery the blacksmith, pip sister is really mean to pip and his brother in law treats pip like his younger son. In the 19th century, infant mortality rates were higher. The infant mortality rate is the number of children per year out of every thousand alive that die before they reach the age of one or more specifically, under the age of five. This made us aware at the beginning of chapter 1 when Pip described the graves of his brothers. This might surprise the modern reader but Dickens did not comment on it because such death of very young children in his day was very common. The tension is increased in the novel as there is an escaped convict who will soon meet Pip, which is emphasised by the emotions on Pips face, held tighter to the tombstone on which he had put me; party, to keep myself upon it; partly, to keep my self from crying this shows Pips emotion. When we continued to read, we will get to know that Pip went to the graveyard because of his parents and five brothers. Also before the conversation between the convict and Pip, Dickens continued to describe the scenery negatively, talking of the low leaden line to describe the river. This brings feelings heaviness and being trapped. The wind was rushing finishes a third paragraph, with yet another idea of bleak weather, making Pip hear things and scaring him. This makes the reader more frightened for Pip and also the way he described the weather makes the reader know that it wasnt close to the end of the day and also danger was lurking about. Pip continues to describe the two black things that seemed to be standing upright and he talks about a gibbet where they hang people. The above-mentioned talk of graveyards plus the gibbet makes the audience know everything seem very sad and also both are associated with death. The audience gets further engaged because again we start to feel sympathy for the boy who seems so helpless and needy. On the other hand, the novel Great Expectations is actually being told by Pip himself, both as a child, and as an adult looking back at when he was younger. This is very effective and successful language by Dickens, as it gives us an adult opinion and perspective of a childs life. At this point, the audience will know that the narrator dickens is a mature on, because he talks about his childish conclusions of his family by looking at the inscription on their gravestones and how his young tongue could only make out the name Pip from his full name. From the inscription, I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was dotted and ill. Also in the story, Pip described himself in third person like he was looking back on a distant memory. The readers too start to reminisce about their past and if they are older they can identify with the language used by the older Pip. How Charles Dickens describes the bundle of shivers made Pip seem very small, vulnerable and easily exposed to attack. The convict made a very dramatic entrance into the story. This is because we hear the man before we see him. Also his entrance was much as a shock to the reader as to Pip. This creates tension because it shows that the convict has discovered that Pip is hiding in the graveyard very near him. The man started talking to Pip with an angry voice by saying, keep still you little devil or I will cut your throat, dialect of Magwitch. The way and manner the man talked to Pip frightened him. The conversation between Pip and the convict was very short and choppy. The man introduces a lot of commands into his conversation. One typical example of his command in their conversation was when he said, Keep quiet. This shows the audience that something was going to happen to Pip. Also, the reader now begins to form ideas about the convict. We now see him as heartless, a no good person and extremely evil to speak to a child in the manner. In the novel, the convict turned Pip upside down and gnawed bread from his pocket like a lion on its prey. When the convict turned Pip upside down, the young Pip saw the world in a new way. Here Dickens uses humour to engage the reader. The situation is humours because of the revelation of how children can respond differently to adults in a negative situation. Also, when the convict wanted to eat Pips cheeks, the older Pip looked back and admits impartially that; he did have fat cheeks as a child. This also shows the audience Pip was a humorous person who uses things he can identify with to make comparison. This also tells us that the convict was extremely fat and huge or just hungry. Dickens gives the audience a very detailed and precise description of what the man looks like, he looks scruffy to pip but dickens doesnt describe him as scruffy, he was having dishevelled broken shoes, he was with no hat, he was having a rag tied around his head, he was soaked in water, covered in mud and he was with a manacle on one leg. A manacle is an old English word for handcuff or a long big metal chain. The manacle on one of his legs will also let the audience know that he was a prisoner. Also the fact that he was with no hat shows the audience that he has no respect according to the 19th century manners.

A case study on Harley-Davidson.Com Essay Example for Free

A case study on Harley-Davidson.Com Essay I. Statement of the Problem Although Harley Davidson dominates the market in North America, it has been the smallest in Europe and the 4th in Asia/Pacific region which is dominated by Japanese brands. One reason for Harley’s smaller market share in Europe and Asia region is that the company cannot produce enough motorcycles to meet demand and its prices tend to be higher than competitive models. Shortages of Harleys lead many consumers to purchase competitive bikes as there are 2-year waiting lists for some Harley models. The researcher of this study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the best way to advertise or market Harleys in the Europe and Asia/Pacific region? 2. What improvements shall be done in Harley-davidson. com website? II. Objectives of the Study This study seeks the following objectives: to be able to understand the market share of Harley Davidson from the case study to determine which advertising is best for Harley Davidson in Europe and Asia to know whether the official website of Harley is good enough and competitive enough to give the best solution to increase market share and sales of Harley in Europe and Asia/Pacific region III. Scopes and Limitations of the Study. The study includes the current situation of Harley Davidson Company, the nature of the company, the background, its market share in different countries and the effect of its official website on consumer behavior. The study however, is limited with only secondary data available from the text and from the official websites of Harley and its competing brands. This study has recommendations and points of view that are based from my own perspectives and thinking as a marketing student. IV. Nature of The Research A. Harley Davidson Harley-Davidson, often abbreviated H-D or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer. Founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the first decade of the 20th century, it was one of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression. Harley-Davidson also survived a period of poor quality control and competition from Japanese manufacturers. The company sells heavyweight (over 750 cc) motorcycles designed for cruising on the highway. Harley-Davidson motorcycles (popularly known as Harleys) have a distinctive design and exhaust note. They are especially noted for the tradition of heavy customization that gave rise to the chopper-style of motorcycle. Except for the modern VRSC model family, current Harley-Davidson motorcycles reflect the styles of classic Harley designs. Harley-Davidsons attempts to establish itself in the light motorcycle market have met with limited success and have largely been abandoned since the 1978 sale of its Italian Aermacchi subsidiary. Harley-Davidson sustains a loyal brand community which keeps active through clubs, events, and a museum. Licensing of the Harley-Davidson logo accounts for almost 5% of the companys net revenue. B. Global Competitors Honda motorcycles, Kawasaki, Suzuki and Yamaha are some of the major competitors of Harley Davidson. C. Motorcycle Buyers The demographic profile of motorcycle buyers has changed over the years. According to the Motorcycle Industry Council, 61% of buyers are over 35 years old whereas in 1980, only 27% has reached this age. In 1980, only 2. 4% of motorcycle buyers had incomes of $50,000 or higher, whereas in 1998, over one third were in this income group. White-collar professionals are the largest group of new bike riders, accounting for 36%. Many are former riders now stepping up to their dream machines and state that motorcycle riding helps reduce stress in their lives. D. Motorcycle Company Websites. H. D. management believes that the Internet is a powerful marketing tool. Its website is affectionately called the â€Å"anti-websites† since it encourages visitors to get offline and onto their Harleys. The website includes detailed information on the company and its products. It has nearly 1. 5 million visitors in 1997 alone. V. Areas of Consideration A. Competition All of Harley’s major competitors have products other than motorcycles on their websites including cars (Honda, Suzuki, and BMW), outboard motors (Honda, Yamaha, and Suzuki), and jet skis, snow mobile, boats, generators and power equipments. However, Harley’s website is devoted exclusively to motorcycle-related information about its products, experience and the company itself, including financial data. This may be a competitive advantage for Harley because it illustrates that the company is focused only in the motorcycle industry. B. Market Share The following table shows the market share of Harley and its global competitors in different regions: |COMPANY |NORTH AMERICA |EUROPE |ASIA/PACIFIC | |BMW |2. 70% |13. 40% |4. 30% | |HARLEY |48. 50% |6. 4 |15. 6 | |HONDA |20. 5 |24. 1 |28 | |KAWASAKI |10. 2 |10. 7 |22. 1 | |SUZUKI |10. 3 |17. 2 |7. 9 | |YAMAHA |4. 8 |16. 3 |16. 6 | |OTHERS |3 |11. 9 |5. 5 | VI. Alternative Courses of Action/Recommendation A. Harley Davidson should invest in Market Penetration in the regions where it is very sluggish. The company should supply enough units in the countries of Europe, Asia and the Pacific with competitive and affordable prices. B. The official website must be improved with good brand image through the use of better marketing colors and especially with cultural influences for Europe and Asia and not just for American consumers. VII. SWOT Analysis Recommendation: Market Penetration †¢ Strengths increase of market share in Europe and Asia availability of supplies in Europe and Asia more name recall increase of good brand image †¢ Weaknesses risky fast production of supplies for the regions is costly defects upon production are inevitable †¢ Opportunities H. D. may be the most popular brand of motorcycles in the world May and will conquer the highest/largest market share of Motorcycle Industry in the whole world †¢ Threats outcome may be negative sales may not meet expenses. production of supplies may be time-consuming VIII. Conclusion After carefully analyzing the case of Harley Davidson, the best solution I can give is to go on Market Penetration. Even if the company has already established its name and brand, most European and Asian countries still prefer those brands that are most available and affordable in their areas. One very relevant reason why H. D. has a small market share in these regions is its being expensive. While there are a lot of competitive brands mostly made from Asia, H. D. still has an edge and an advantage among these brands. Unlike the others, H. D. specializes on motorcycles alone and this may be a competitive advantage for Harley because it illustrates that the company is focused only in the motorcycle industry. The improvement of its website through the use of better colors and images might be a very good idea to increase sales and brand consciousness on consumers. But the best improvement for the website that I could suggest is to add cultural touches from Asian and European cultures. With that, consumers from all countries may be able to relate with the brand.

Trying Out Life Without A Television English Language Essay

Trying Out Life Without A Television English Language Essay The Adult Literacy Survey recently concluded that watching more than two hours of TV a day is harmful and holds children back. So what would happen if there were no televisions? No sport, no American Idol, no Days of Our Lives, no National Geographic, no BET, MTV or, (gulp) Spongebob? To find out, three of our reporters volunteered to turn the box off for a week. How did they cope, what did they do instead and did one of them really end up sewing a hem on a pair of trousers like one of the Ingalls girls on Little House on the Prairie? In our special feature, we also drop in on a family of two parents and six children who havent had a TV in the house for six months. The kids say its been torture but mom and dad say the children have come alive since its been gone. We also took to the streets to find out how much time islanders spend in front of the TV. Like most things, at the end of the day its a question of balance. Do you have it right? I was in denial about TV?habit By James Whittaker The hip hop group Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy once described television as the drug of the nation. But Id always considered myself as more of a casual user than an addict. Sure I was not immune to the hypnotic pull of the tube, but as far as I was concerned it was under control. Asked how much I watched a week, Id probably say five or six hours, if that. More, I suppose, if you count sports. Movies count too? Okay, maybe a few hours more. What about documentaries, surely thats just interactive learning? No? A couple more hours then. In the words of George W. Bush, I guess I mis-underestimated myself. When I actually added up the number of hours Id sat watching TV the previous week it was more than double what I thought it would be. I was well inside the two-hours-a-night category that the Bermuda Adult Literacy Survey classifies as the danger zone. A fair portion of that time was spent flicking between channels looking for something decent. Another chunk was spent criticizing the banality of what American mainstream channels consider comedy (somehow it never occurred to me to flick the off switch). And then the rest was spent on what I considered more worthy televisual pursuits like the English Premier League or David Attenboroughs Planet Earth. I still stand by the belief that television and literacy are not mutually exclusive. But when asked to recall a useful lesson Id learnt from TV, Dont mess with lions or sharks was about the best I could come up with. Worse still was the realization that a possibly vital part of my brains storage system would forever be assigned details about a nasty little growth hormone called Relacor which means unsightly belly fat is not my fault. The subliminal power of advertising had its hooks firmly in. Clearly, it was time for a change. The best way I found to curb the cravings during my week of abstinence was to stay out of the house. I went to a jazz concert on the Monday night, played in a squash tournament on two separate nights, went for the odd run and genuinely didnt miss television all that much. When I was home I had the benefit of a couple of good books and an online chess game to satisfy my entertainment demands. With no default selection, the question of what shall we do tonight? was always a challenge, but the answer was invariably more interesting than MTV. With the experiment over, I still watch my fair share of television. Id probably have to remove it from the house to avoid it completely. But Im at least a little more conscious not to watch, just because it is there. Maybe next time someone asks how much I watch Ill be able to say five or six hours a week and it might even be the truth. I hand-wrote a letter and did some sewing! By Sirkka Huish Think about all those important jobs you never get around to doing. Well, theres a way to get them crossed off the list and even enjoy the process give up TV for a week. Its a simple way to find more hours in the day, but you might find yourself doing some bizarre things. Typically, I get home from work and chill out in front of the box for a couple of hours. Now I faced going cold turkey for seven days 168 hours! All of a sudden I had to fill my time with more meaningful activities; I was forced to get the creative juices flowing. The key to getting through the week was staying busy and pretending I wasnt really missing Wife Swap, Survivor, Greys Anatomy and Ugly Betty or that I didnt mind being clueless about the latest American Idol audition or Oprah special. How did I spend my time? I read and went to the gym and spent a lot longer than normal slaving over a hot stove. A friend in the U.K. will get the surprise of her life when my hand-scribbled letter arrives on her doormat. I also came over all domesticated. Im proud to say my bathroom is now spotless and my fridge was given a good clean out. I even found time for a bit of sewing. Yes, I amazed even myself by sewing up the hem on a pair of trousers. To avoid temptation I also arranged a few nights out, but I was limited to where I could go. There was no way my boyfriend would give up TV even for a day, let alone a week, so I had to avoid his house. And almost every pub now has a widescreen TV looking back at you. Surprisingly, going without TV got easier as the week progressed. Im not a huge TV watcher anyway but I did miss my daily dose of news. I felt a bit lost without my window into the world. It brought home the fact that Im stuck on an island in the middle of the Atlantic. However, breaking free of the grip of TV wasnt a life-changing experience and I cant say I felt liberated. Neither did I find myself indulging in a healthy dose of outdoor activity. It was a valuable experience, though, as I was a lot more productive. I turned on life rather than the TV and stopped vegging-out in front of B-list celebrities, B-movies and bad plot lines. But I wont be throwing out the telly just yet. My TV isnt evil, it doesnt ruin my life, I just like it to have it around. Im not an addict. I would like to catch up with American Idol after missing two episodes, though The bliss of longer soaks in the tub By Don Burgess Giving up a week of TV left me hiding out in the bathtub and spending less time with my wife. It wasnt a good week to go on the no-TV diet. My house was full of people and we had relatives sleeping on the pullout sofa in the living room. We have an open plan house so the dining room and living room are connected. Also, my wife was sick for much of the week laid-up in bed with the TV on. And the weather was too bad for playing sports most days. I felt a little stranded. I would normally watch two to four hours of TV a day, but there are only five must-see programmes: Survivor, Battlestar Galactica, Bones, House and American Idol. And I did watch some TV couldnt help it. With the TV on in the bedroom and in the living room, there was no way not to see and hear programmes as I walked through, or interacted with people. But I didnt sit down to watch a programme. Instead, I spent more time in the bathtub. I could have stayed in the tub reading longer, but I after an hour, my skin had more wrinkles than a Shar Pei. I decided to set up a chair, with its back to the TV, and read a baseball magazine. I read a bad novel So how did I spend the rest of my time otherwise? I went to church, managed to get in a softball game, spent more time on the computer and read Stephen Kings Cell (very disappointing). We did play a few board games together like Vegas Showdown, San Juan and St. Petersburg, but those would have been a normal part of life anyway. Now that my week of abstinence is over, will I watch less TV? Probably not. As soon as the clock struck the witching hour, I had Comedy Central on. In the three days since going back to TV, Ive only watched six hours, which isnt that much considering it was a weekend. But of course, thats what any addict would say.

Physics of the Lathe :: physics lathe wood

"How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood?" An age old tongue twister that has never been answered. In this rhyme, the common assumption is that the woodchuck is a small furry groundhog like creature, but there is another kind of wood chuck that is not as common but could chuck wood. Here we will explore this path of answering this age old riddle. In the production of many wood products a common manufacturing tool known as a lathe is used, and to hold the wood in the lathe a chuck is used. In order to calculate the amount of wood a wood chuck can chuck we must first define how the wood will be chucked. When wood chucking the chuck will be spinning around the spindle and an attachment will be used that will act as a catcher that will be on the outer radius of the chuck. We will also be able to calculate the velocity of the wood leaving the chuck and the kinetic energy. Lathes & Chucks A LATHE is "a machine tool designed primarily to do turning, facing, and boring. Their versatility permits multiple operations to be done with a single setup of the workpiece. Consequently, the lathe is the most common machine tool." The lathe used to theoretically calculate the amount of wood that can be chucked is the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE. This lathe has a spindle speed rate from 500 to 2000 RPM, which will be used to calculate the amount of wood chucked. The Chuck is an attachment that is the most commonly used way to hold a workpiece on the lathe. It attaches to the spindle on the lathe and is spun by it at speeds up to 4000 RPM depending on the lathe. The chuck that will be used for our calculations will have an approximate mass of 4 kilograms and a diameter of 6 inches. Wood Chucking To calculate the amount of wood that is chucked, and the other properties of wood chucking, using the TECHNO CNC WOOD LATHE the following values and assumptions will be used: * The spindle speed of the lathe has a range of 500-2000 RPM * The diameter of the chuck is 6 in. approximately 15 cm. * A one kilogram block of wood made out of American Spruce with a density of .

Death Penalty :: essays research papers fc

Death Penalty In 1972, the Supreme Court declared that under then existing laws "the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty ... constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments." The majority of the Court concentrated its objections on the way death-penalty laws had been applied, finding the result so "harsh and freakish" as to be constitutionally unacceptable. In 1976 more than 600 people had been sentenced to death under new capital-punishment statutes that provided guidance for the jury's sentencing decision. These statutes typically require a two-stage trial procedure, in which the jury first determines guilt or innocence and then chooses imprisonment or death in the light of aggravating or relieve circumstances. Executions proceeded throughout 1977 and in the early 1990s nearly 3000 people were sentenced to that death penalty and more then 180 had been executed. The death penalty does not arise from misplaced sympathy for convicted murderers. Murder demonstrates a lack of respect for human life. For this very reason, murder is despicable, and any policy of state-authorized killings is immoral. The death penalty could also be a good thing. If crazy people out there realize what the high consequences are for killing someone they may think twice before acting on hurting someone. Most people don't know which side to go on when it comes to the death penalty. Of course if it has to do with your family or close friends you will have no question about whether or not you should spare someones life that didn't spare your family member or close friends. People should suffer the way they made their victims suffer to see what it feels like to know they're going to die. To feel the pain the victim went through the moment they acted on their rage of having to hurt someone. Capital punishment does not stop crime, and the death penalty is uncivilized in theory and unfair. I do not think it is right no matter what the person did to sentence them to death.

The Growing Need for Nontraditional Adoptions Essay -- Family Children

The Growing Need for Nontraditional Adoptions When picturing a family with an adopted child, the first image that comes to many people’s mind is that of a mother, father, and their child, but have you ever stopped to consider the alternatives. Who says that every family has to consist of a male and female who are married? Can a single parent, homosexual couples, or couples with a differing ethnicity from the child provide the same love and support as a tradition couple? These are options that adoption and foster care agencies have begun to consider due to the lack of available nontraditional families. In recent years there has been a drastic shortage of available homes for children in the adoption and foster care network. Because many of these children suffer from considerable health problems or happen to be of minority races, they have often been considered â€Å"unadoptable† (Overview 2). Therefore, many of the children move from one foster home to another throughout their lives, which can lead to â€Å"increased emotional problems, delinquency, substance abuse, and academic problems† (Overview 2). In order to reduce the number of children floating through the system, child welfare agencies have expanded their policies to allow adults, including single parents, families of minority races, and even people who have physical disabilities, to make an adopted child part of their family (Overview 2-3). Perhaps one of the most debated groups included in this expansion are gays and lesbians. It has recently become quite common for homosexual couples to adopt children, yet many people question the ability of the couples to provide a mentally healthy and moral environment. It has been questioned that if children w... ...ties Union Freedom Network . 6 Apr. 1999. American Civil Liberties Union . 19 Feb. 2003 . Prowler, Mady. â€Å"Single Parent Adoption: What You Need to Know.† Adoptions.com . 2000. Adoption Events.com . 15 Apr. 2003 . Shireman, Joan F. â€Å"Adoptions by Single Parents.† Marriage and Family Review 20 (1995): 367-388. Simon, Rita James. Transracial Adoption . New York: John Wiley & Son, Inc., 1977. Teicher, Stacy A.. â€Å"Fight Over Mixed-Race Adoptions.† Christian Science Monitor . 14 April 1999. EBSCOhost . Joyner Library, Greenville, NC. 19 Mar. 2003. â€Å"Transracial Adoption Sparks Debate.† Issues and Controversies . 12 Oct. 1995. Issues and Controversies . 19 Mar. 2003. .

Descriptive VS. Narrative, You Decide Essay

Many think that narrative and descriptive styles of writing are one in the same, but they are not. Although they complement each other for a complete story; you can successfully write using one style without the other. The authors Connell, C.M. & Sole, K. define narrative writing as, â€Å"Narration is storytelling from the perspective of a narrator, and the story may be true, false, imaginary, or a combination.† (2013, chapter 6.3). When you tell a story you want your readers to experience it through your words as if they were there when it happened. Connell, C.M. & Sole, K. define descriptive writing as, â€Å"Description is a pattern of writing that can be defined as painting pictures with words.† (2013, chapter 6.4). A descriptive story leaves no detail unrevealed and appeals to all of your senses. When comparing Maya Angelou’s descriptive poem â€Å"Caged Bird† and Judy Brady’s narrative essay â€Å"I Want a Wife†, it is clear that there many similarities and differences between the two styles of writing. However, because Maya Angelou’s poem has descriptive language that appeals to your five senses, specific detail descriptions and uses figurative language to compare the unfamiliar with something more familiar it makes it a superior piece of literature. In the narrative style essay written by Judy Brady (1971), â€Å"I Want a Wife†, she uses out right sarcasm and exaggeration with a slight humorous tone. This demonstrates her stance on the unrealistic demands that were placed on women in that era. She starts off her essay stating â€Å"I belong to that classification of people known as wives. I am A Wife. And, not al-together incidentally, I am a mother† (1971). As if being a wife and a mother was almost an undesirable task to bear in life. I suppose that in the 1900 century it pretty much was to an extent. The way Brady goes on to list the expected duties of her wife, makes her sound more like a servant than anything else. She even mentions her wife performing things like party catering, financially supporting the family and goes so far as to say, â€Å"I want a wife to go along when our family takes a vacation so that someone can continue to care for me and my children when I need a rest and change of scene† (1971). Brady’s narrative essay uses a block arrangement structure, with a priority style order. Brady (1971) begins her story by stating, â€Å"Not too long ago a male friend of mine appeared on the scene fresh from a recent divorce. He had one child, who is, of course, with his ex-wife. He is looking for another wife. As I thought about him while I was ironing one  evening, it suddenly occurred to me that I, too, would like to have a wife. Why do I want a wife?† then she proceeds with an exaggerated list of tasks for her wife to fulfill. From the wife working full time, to caring for her and her children, cooking, cleaning, counseling, playing, pleasing, catering parties, shopping, planning and entertaining, all while Brady just goes to school and lives a carefree and extremely selfish life. In the descriptive poem â€Å"Caged Bird†, written by Maya Angelou in 1983, she uses her talent of vivid and eloquent writing to express her stance on being African-American and living in the United States during segregation and the Civil Rights movement. Although she never actually mentions race in her poem the metaphors that she uses makes it clearly evident. Angelou starts her poem talking about a free bird and his arrogance referring to the Caucasian race. According to Angelou (1983) in â€Å"Caged Bird†, she starts off with a free bird riding the wind’s back, and he’s floating as long as the current will take him; when he â€Å"dips his wing in the orange sun rays† and has the audacity to c laim the sky. Now when she goes on to her second stanza; she speaks about the African-American race as the caged bird. She writes, â€Å"But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage can seldom see through his bars of rage his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his trout to sing† (1983). In Angelou’s poem, she uses a dramatic order in a point-by-point type structure to describe experiences she witnessed as an African-American person living in America. One way that the descriptive is different from the narrative writing is figurative language. Figurative language is the comparison of something unfamiliar to something familiar in order to paint a clear picture. â€Å"Cages Bird† (1983) has a clear example of this in the second stanza, which says, â€Å"But a bird that stalks  down his narrow cage  can seldom see through  his bars of rage  his wings are clipped and  his feet are tied  so he opens his throat to sing.† From this quote, you can see that the bird stalks down his narrow cage like a prisoner in a cell and the bird can seldom see through his bars of rage also  refers to a prisoner in a cell. Much like how slaves were imprisoned on the plantations in the south. On the other hand, the narrative essay â€Å"I Want a Wife† does not rely on fugitive language; instead it just uses concrete language without the extra detail that appeals to the five senses. Another way descriptive writing is different from narrative writing is the use of specific detail description. It is clearly visible in the fourth stanza of â€Å"Caged Bird†. Angelou (1983) writes, â€Å"The free bird thinks of another breeze  and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees   and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn   and he names the sky his own.†   In her description of the trade winds soft through the sighing trees and the fat worm on the dawn bright lawn. However, in â€Å"I Want a Wife† Brady (1971) merely writes, but without detail. Instead she says, â€Å"I want a wife who is a  good nurturing attendant to my children, who arranges for their schooling, makes sure that they have an adequate social life with their peers, takes them to the park, the zoo, etc.†Ã‚  As you see Brady doesn’t use specific detail in her writing just simple concrete words. Another highlight to Angelou’s writing style was her use of alliteration; which is defined in Essentials for College Writing as â€Å"repetition of initial consonants in words in a series† Connell, C.M. & Sole, K. (2013). An example of her alliteration would be, â€Å"The free bird thinks of another breeze and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees  and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn   and he names the sky his own.  But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams   his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream   his wings are cl ipped and his feet are tied   so he opens his throat to sing. The free bird thinks of another breeze and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn and he names the caged bird sky his own. But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams  his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing. You see it in the trade winds soft through the sighing trees and in his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream† (1983). With Angelou’s careful selection of words you can almost feel the pain and despair of the caged bird; as well as see the free bird floating through the air in the warm orange sunlight. Although Brady also uses alliteration she uses mostly the same words which are â€Å"I Want a Wife Who Will† (1971). Then she follows with naming a chore of some kind but mostly cooking or cleaning. In conclusion, when considering which of the two forms of literature was superior to the other, not just for personal preference. I would have to deem the descriptive style of Angelou’s writing to be a better overall polished piece of work. Not only does it provide extensive language to portray its message with detail to the most important parts of its story. Like bringing the characters to life and shining light on important social issues, but also submitting a few subtle details in the technique used to compose the text. Like alliteration and metaphors so that parts of her short poem stick out and stay with you more so than others. I believe the more magnificent and detailed the picture is that your words paint, the more impact it will have on its audience. This is something that she was well aware of, so the way Maya Angelou selected her words helped to give her audience a sense of pathos. It also helped to shine light once again on the views and opinions she felt so strong ly about in society.

Poetry Essay

Poetry is a tune of literary art and exercises particular forms and conventions to suggest utility(a) meaning in the words and to energize some emotional responses. There ar articulate patterns in poetry which relieve oneself further meaning, such(prenominal) as assonance, beginning rhyme and onomatopoeia. These sizable effects have a particular mould in a poem. Poems often take up heavy apply of imagery and word association to apace commence emotions. 1 Poetry is princely from prose beca social function be utilize some techniques such as rhyme, meter and repetition.The alike sounds fuck mother different meanings and it depends on the con schoolbook of a poem. Sound patterns can be standardizedly discovered in some advertize slogans. In advertisement we have the independence to change the natural nightclub of the linguistic process. It depends on the product and the target group of consumers. The advertize text has to capture the readers or listeners at tention. wherefore the natural order of the language is modified, mold and stylized. One of the close to frequently used devices in slogans, catchphrases and article titles is alliteration turn int tarry a Little, Live a Lotto 2 The advertising slogans argon the close effective means of outline attention to one or more(prenominal) aspects of the product. In this text we can contact an example of foregrounding. Deviation, which is a linguistic phenomenon, has an outstanding cordial effect on readers (and hearers). If a part of a poem is deviant, it becomes in particular noticeable, or perceptually prominent. We call this psychological effect foregrounding. 3 Most of the writers use the sound of words in such a way that the readers attention is instantly engaged.The most common mean which is mixed by the writers is repetition. Our attention is captivated and we convey analysing the reasons why the writers use it. We can jazz typify of sounds little/lotto. There is o verly alliteration- the repetition of l and t sounds. alliteration contacts to tbe repetition of the uniform or similar consonants. /t/ is a congresswomanless, alveolar, plosive sound. It is produced without vibrations of the forthright cords, by obstructing the airflow in the birdsong tract. /l/ is a voiced, bilateral, retroflex and approximant sound.The literal cords are vibrating during the articulation and the race flows over the some(prenominal) sides of the tongue. When poets construct a poem they care to the fully choose words for their meanings, connotation and sounds. According to capital of Minnesota Simpson we make connections between, on the one hand, the physical properties of the sound represented within a text and, on the other, the non- linguistic phenomena situated right(prenominal) a text to which these sounds relate4. The sound effects of the poetic text are basic to the interpretation of poetry.When a kindred between sound and meaning is obvious, inde ed it can reinforce the significance of a word for vocalizer and hearer. The way community sound their language can, reliablely, be an quality of their individual or cultural in-personities Speakers of a different language, from a different culture, office associate different implications with such sounds. 5 The most critics are interested in the form of the poem and its meaning, and the poets message. According to Paul Fussell Poetic forms are like that they escape to say things even if words are not at the moment fitted to their patterns.As Louis MacNeice has said, In any poets poem the shape is fractional the meaning. . 6 Poetic forms refer to different sets of rules followed by poems. The rules describe such ascpects as the meter or wheel of the poem, the rhyme scheme or the use of alliteration. One of the basic ways in which poetry can be distinguished from prose is the possession of m. Some critics maintain the humor that the turn and metre are the same thing. The difference between both is in the way in which they relate to the whole.The metre is an extra layer of rhythmic structuring. 7 The rhythm is the apprehension of a series of events as a regularly repeated nerve impulse of energy, an experience which has a muscular as well as a mental dimension. 8 The following lines aim to plow the relationship between sound patterns, their function and their contri aloneion towards the meaning a certain poem generates. Attention will be paid to the poem My Last Duchess, compose by Robert toasting. He was an English poet and playwright whose verses of dramatic eventtic monologues made him one of the most ren proclaimed Victorian poets today.The poem is anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue, in which an set character, or person, is the sole speaker that is, the voice in the poem is playing a role as in drama. 9 The structure and the style of this poem play a significant role. It contains three glob elements an occasion, a speake r, and a hearer. The words in dramatic monologues not only convey setting and legal action but in any case reveal the speakers character. The comments which he makes reveal information about his character and psyche, knowingly or unknowingly.The main pore of a dramatic monologue is the personal information, not the topic which the speaker happens to be discussing. We can see the personality of both poet and speaker in dramatic monologue, and can be aware of them operating as a reflex in the elements of action which is constant picture and vice versa. 10 brown defined the poem as a dramatic nomenclature. It is dramatic because there is an promoter in it and performs a scene. However, at the same time it cant be said that it is a typical lyric poem. The poem appears as one half of a conversation. He is not sermon his thoughts aloud to himself while he is alone.In general poems are written with the full body of words and have their own meaning. Meaning is something the reader in tuits through the distorting take a leak out of form, something the writer may choose, but does not necessarily control. 11 The goal of cook is to illustrate a scene. There is a relation between sounds and meanings, the reality which language may represent. In his piece of work Robert Browning uses many techniques enjambment, a dewy-eyed rhyme scheme and caesura to convey mixed characteristics and qualities about the speaker and the situation.Mick compendious claims that The basic idea was that poems should enact what they set forth the sound must seem an recapitulate to the sense (Alexander Pope, An Essay on reproval, line 365). Musicality revolves around phonetic and rhythmic effects in particular, and it is thus necessary to be able to do metrical analysis in order to be able to explain measurable effects in many poems. 12 My make it Duchess is written in iambic pentameter in order to imitate natural dustup so that the poet is not confused with the persona. Brownings intention is to imitate natural speech could be to distance himself from the Duke, who is the speaker in the poem.